{"id":4449,"date":"2026-08-16T08:59:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T08:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/?p=4449"},"modified":"2026-08-24T18:14:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T18:14:43","slug":"illusory-superiority","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/illusory-superiority\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i: V\u00ec sao ai c\u0169ng tin m\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh?"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3: \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 10 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 gu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 cao. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (Illusory Superiority<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Lake Wobegon (Lake Wobegon Effect<\/em>), l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cLake Wobegon\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u do nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Garrison Keillor t\u1ea1o ra, n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"Garrison
Garrison Keillor trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u201cThe News From Lake Wobegon\u201d. Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: Wikimedia Commons \/ Admiralthrawn 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o hay \u00e1i k\u1ef7. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y?<\/h2>\n

L\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac b\u1ea5t an v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

Khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00fap kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hay sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecf qua. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, thay v\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u00ecm trong lo l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng hai th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n

Khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng: \u201cM\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ed1t m\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u0169ng trao ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean n\u1ea5c thang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch sinh t\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00e3o s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Serotonin v\u00e0 Dopamine, hai ch\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin, quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"S\u01a1
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n dopamine v\u00e0 serotonin trong n\u00e3o. Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: National Institutes of Health (NIH)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i t\u01b0 duy xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1ed5n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u xa, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi trong kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u201cAre We All Less Risky and More Skillful than our Fellow Drivers?\u201d<\/em> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 93%<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m l\u00e1i xe gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: 93%<\/strong> gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong marketing nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

Khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m website marketing c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec khen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung, l\u1eddi khen c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m tin v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Khen \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gu th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt ho\u00e0i nghi l\u1eddi khen n\u00e0y h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cD\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d:<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m tinh hoa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. Khi mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n mua m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc BMW thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cAi c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y\u201d, h\u00e3y th\u1eed: \u201cH\u01a1n 10.000 chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd?\u201d. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng IKEA<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c huy hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng trong giao di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201cm\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thao t\u00fang l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ecdi l\u1eddi khen ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thao t\u00fang c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong> Thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Khi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh x\u00e3 giao, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u1ec5 tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd l\u1ed7i giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1eady n\u00ean, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb A\/B Testing<\/strong>, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen x\u00e3 giao.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. C\u1ea3 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung: b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\"Bi\u1ec3u
So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger. Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: Wikimedia Commons \/ Diego Moya<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1eady n\u00ean, l\u1ea7n t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 tin ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecfi 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3: \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 10 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,36],"tags":[52],"class_list":["post-4449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cro","category-tam-ly-hoc-chuyen-doi","tag-tam-ly-hoc-xa-hoi"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4449"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4468,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4449\/revisions\/4468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbaseup.com\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}